Aging and Temperature Regulation

Older adults are more susceptible to heat-related sickness including heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. Elderly deaths increase 50% during heat waves, placing older adults at greater risk. Older adults with chronic diseases exposed to humid conditions when ambient temperature exceeds 98 degrees experience the highest deaths in heat waves. Chronic conditions more frequently impacting heat-related deaths include diabetes, lung disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.

Why are older adults less able to tolerate the heat? As we age, our thirst trigger in the brain is less efficient. By the time an older adult gets the thirst signal, it may be too late. This is why I always recommend that older adults [age 65+] drink 65 oz [8 glasses] of water daily and not wait to "feel thirsty." The 65/65 rule. Drinking all day instead of waiting until thirsty is a life-saver.

Second, the internal thermostat in the body is less efficient. Older adults typically do not "feel" hot when the temperature is actually dangerously high. The body has to then work harder to cool it, and those with chronic conditions are more vulnerable.

Third, the body is less able to produce sweat to cool the body. Again, this places a tremendous stressor on the body of an older adult exposed to high ambient temperatures.

There are three disorders related to heat:

1. Heat cramps- also accompanied by sweating. Drink plenty of fluids.
2. Heat exhaustion- thirsty, weak, dizzy, nausea/vomiting, disoriented. Drink and move to cooler area.
3. Heat stroke. Call 911! No sweating, dangerously high body temperature.
   

Risk factors for heat related deaths include:

• low income
• chronic health conditions
• no air conditioning
• alcoholism
• dementia and mental disorders
• living in dwelling built pre-1970's